What Is Soil Depletion?
Soil depletion is when the nutrients and other components that contribute to the vitality and fertility of soil are taken away and not replaced. You may think a handful of soil is little more than dirt, but it is often much more. In fact, a teaspoon of healthy soil can consist of more organisms than people living on the planet. According to Silvia Pressel, a researcher in the algae, fungi, and plants division at the National History Museum in London, soils can contain “millions of things people won’t be able to see like micro-organisms and all the fascinating work they do together.”Conventional vs. Organic Farming
One of the best ways to help prevent soil depletion is to practice sustainable, organic farming. The majority of crops, however, are grown conventionally. Conventional farmers use pesticides, herbicides, and fungicides to fight pests, infections, and weeds as well as use synthetic fertilizers to provide nutrition to their crops.
The use of synthetic pest control products may seem like a good way to control weeds and pests, but pesticides, herbicides, and fungicides also destroy beneficial microbes in the soil. They are associated with numerous acute and chronic health problems, including neurological and reproductive disorders, asthma, eye and skin irritation, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of consciousness, extreme weakness, and seizures. Chronic or long-term exposure has been associated with Parkinson’s disease, depression, attention and hyperactivity disorder, and cancer.When synthetic, inorganic fertilizers are applied to crops, they destroy the beneficial microbes in the soil. The nitrogen in these fertilizers also leaves residues, such as ammonia and nitrate, which eventually make their way into rivers, groundwater, and the oceans, where they are dangerous to aquatic life.
Organic farming relies on natural approaches—both modern ones and those used by farmers from centuries past–such as composing, rotational grazing, cover crops, crop rotation, beneficial insects for pest control, and planting cycles adapted to the location to maintain healthy soil and to produce nutritious food.
In a nutshell, “Conventional and organic farming methods have different consequences on the environment and people. Conventional agriculture causes increased greenhouse gas emissions, soil erosion, water pollution, and threatens human health,” according to the Rodale Institute, while “Organic farming has a smaller carbon footprint, conserves and builds soil health, replenishes natural ecosystems for cleaner water and air, all without toxic pesticide residues.”What Can You Do About Soil Depletion?
1.) You are not powerless against soil depletion! One thing you can do is talk with your wallet. When you support farmers who practice organic, sustainable farming, you are saying that such healthy foods matter for your health and that of your family, the farmers, and the planet. Go to farmers’ markets, buy organic, and visit the local produce section of grocery stores.3.) When you choose your local, organic produce, be sure to eat a wide variety of colors daily. Explore white mushrooms, red tomatoes, leafy greens, yellow squash, blueberries, and eggplant, for example. When you eat the rainbow, you get diversity in your diet and a better chance of getting the nutrients you need.